The Organizational Behavior And Direction Of Change

Self-Reflection In my current profession the organizational behavior and direction of change is influenced by the organization’s culture. Organizational behavior occurs in all organizations but and shapes and develops the culture without the employees ever being aware. Culture can be described as the particular roles and values that people are accustomed to in a workplace. Culture can vary from organization to organization. Before taking this course at Cornerstone, organizational behavior and change was an unfamiliar notion. After taking this course I have a better sense of my role as a leader within my current profession. I have been able to further expound on the concept of what drives people at work, whether it is prestige, money or power. I am now able to utilize the concepts from the CQ model and recognize our own use of the steps in Kotter’s Model. CQ Model Many people think of culture as the specific food a person eat, their traditional family values or a person’s ethnic background. Although these assumptions are comprised in the explanation of culture, it is not limited to only the customs described. In fact culture refers to behavior, values and norms of a particular environment. This environment in this case is the workplace. Utilizing the CQ Model or Cultural Intelligence Model, I was able to recognize my own strengths and areas that need improvement. The CQ Model was developed by David Livermore which summed up people’s cultural capabilities and abilityShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Behavior: Corporate Culture1048 Words   |  4 Pagesstudy of Organizational Behavior has included an in-depth look at corporate culture to gain an understanding of the diverse variables, namely people. OB, as defined in the text, is the study of individuals and groups in organizations (Schermerhorn, Hunt Osborn, 2005, p. 3). This f ield of study is considered interdisciplinary because its focus extends to several disciplines: sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and political science. Individual performance, organizational culture, motivationRead MoreProductive Behavior1167 Words   |  5 PagesProductive and Counterproductive Behaviors Obviously, there are differences between productive and counterproductive behaviors. The differences in these behaviors play a major role and can either cause the success or failure of an organization. As long as both management and employees can understand the difference between these behaviors, counterproductive behavior will decrease while increasing productive behavior. Productive and Counterproductive Behaviors Any form of action that improvesRead MoreOrganizational Leaders Need For Change1017 Words   |  5 Pageswith an ever-changing environment. Therefore, having strong leadership is needed when addressing change. Organizational leaders need to have a well developed vocabulary to help improve performance during organizational change. Leadership has the ability to create a vision and encourage others to achieve the vision for the organization. Therefore, organizational leaders must identify the need for change and communicate it throughout the organization. However, leadership is only one piece of the equationRead MoreLeadership Theory And Organizational Culture1361 Words   |  6 Pagesleader and have shifted to focus on the leader’s behavior, skills and style. Emerging leadership theories continued to shift focus to team leadership and subordinate motivation. Organizational culture is exists in all organizations and influences the work environment. Researchers have studi ed leadership and organizational culture individually; however there have been less focus on gaining an understanding of the relationship leadership and organizational culture. In this paper, I will explore variousRead MoreOrganizational Growth and Survival-Key Factors1624 Words   |  7 PagesHoracio Salinas Organizational Growth and Survival In examining the various terms depicting organizational strategies, leadership behaviors and traits, I connected six elements that I will call organizational growth and survival. Specifically, I am interested in seeing what the organization needs when it reaches a crisis point at the entrepreneurial-collectivity stages. The six components are organizational life cycle, transformational leadership, concern for people, expert power, participativeRead MoreBuilding Positive Organizational Behavior And Macro Organization1494 Words   |  6 PagesBuilding Positive Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior (OB) is defined as a study in which individuals relate to each other in an organizational and group setting. Analysis are conducted through various perspectives, incorporating behavior inside the organization in regards to other establishments. â€Å"Organizational behavior is the methodical study of how individuals / groups think and act within organizations exhibiting how these activities affect the effectiveness of the organizationRead MoreThe Path Way Leadership Style1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are a number of approaches to assessing ones leadership styles. One study (Malik, 2012) of the Relationships between Leaders Behaviors and Subordinate Job Expectations reveals that the leader’s role is to ensure that they provide guidance and support while demonstrating behavior that is motivated by inspiring followers to work diligently to achieve organizational goals that were carefully outlined to facilitate success. Therefore, the purpose of this re search was to teach leaders more aboutRead MoreWhen Would Transactional Leadership Be Preferred? Transformational Leadership?892 Words   |  4 Pagesinspire others to realize higher and greatest levels of organizational commitment (Mosley Patrick, 2011). Though transformational leadership produces overall change for the better, as with any type of leadership, situational characteristics and desired outcomes should drive the leadership style (Phillips Gully, 2014). When an exchange of reward-for-performance and / or goal achievement is the desired result, rather than fundamental change, transactional leadership would be the preferred leadershipRead MoreEssay on Concord Bookstore637 Words   |  3 PagesConcord Bookstore University of Phoenix Creating Change within Organizations HCS587 David Harrell 16 January, 2012 * The Concord Bookshop is a small town bookstore with a 64-year history and a cultural appeal enjoyed by the citizens of the town. In recent years the economic environment created fierce competition for the bookstore, coupled with a need for innovative technology meant a need for restructuring. The financial status of the bookshop was in grave distress. FearingRead MoreRole Of A Leader s Top Responsibilities973 Words   |  4 Pagesactions, and understand the impacts of the lack of communication. In addition, communication is an essential element in enhancing value change in companies. The values must be well presented, understood for the implementation to be a success. One of a leader’s top responsibilities is to communicate expectations clearly and accurately to followers. Seagram had to change every aspect of the way that it was managed. They had to unlearn their old culture and new values had to be reinforced. Diagnosis of

The Main Source Of Data Was English For Today - 1810 Words

The main source of data was English For Today, a textbook that is used in class nine in Bangladesh. In class 9 the students get themselves prepared for their upcoming board examination that is called SSC (Secondary School Certificate) which they will face within two years but the students who are used in this research has one and a half year to appear in the exam as it is conducted in the middle of the year. 3.2. Participants About 25 students and 5 teachers from different schools are the participants of this study. The teachers were from various schools and educational background. All of them are from bangle medium schools and their teaching experience is almost same. They have experience for approximately 10 to 12 years of teaching. 3.3. Materials Three reading passages were used in this study. Two of them were adopted from the text book and another was selected from their supplementary book. These three passages were chosen from a larger number of possible selections on the basis of several pilot studies with students of same class. In the first pilot study with 10 students, seven passages along with some open ended questions were used in order to discover which ones were most appropriate for the students. After pilot study, passages which he students failed o comprehend and answers were thrown out. And for the teachers the researcher has designed a questionnaire and some interview questions. 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There are often media sources that make findings â€Å"more interesting† so that the particular company will get more attention. There are also articles that simply misinterpret data and publish false findings. HoweverRead MoreThe Impact of the Personal Computer on Humanity1826 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact of Personal Computer on humanity. We will identify the time periods on which this advancement was invented and the circumstances which led to this invention. We will also look at how this device has evolved over time and how it has helped humanity in vari ous different ways but our main focus will remain on its functionalities and how it assists the users. History of computing Although our main focus here is the personal computers, this still can not be done without taking note of the historyRead MoreShakespeare s Influence Of Writing954 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s staged life, a period in which his life is well known for, is what society knows him as today. The name Shakespeare today means English poet, actor, and play write. Shakespeare is regarded and considered by some the greatest writer in the English language. Being England’s nation poet he constructed 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and other verses. His plays and works have influenced today’s theatres. Shakespeare’s intellect had nothing to do with facts but with ambition, intrigue, love, andRead MoreBeing A Business Person Since I Was Young1079 Words   |  5 PagesI want to be a business person since I was young. My family’s business has motivated me to major in business. My dad owns a technology company’s, but Moreover, I especially fascinated in fina nce. I have passion in finance fields, I am interested in stock market, investment banking, and marketing. Finance is very traditional, however, I am the one who knew the digital and social well, so I want to combine both the traditional and globalization together. I like to interact with people. I am interestedRead MoreHistory : History And History Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesOrigin At the origin the information storage was found for millions years. A number of items were engraved on bones or woods and rocks (about 35000 years in Europe and 60,000 years in Africa: African middle stone age). Moreover, thanks to the French scientist â€Å"Gan Franso Shmelion† who broke the symbols of the ancient Egyptian language using Rosetta stone. He discovered a text in two language and three writings, that one of them was hieroglyph that was written inside the temple. During 3000 BC, EgyptianRead MoreEnglish Language: Most KPTM Kuala Lumpur Students Cannot Speak In English750 Words   |  3 PagesStudy English is the major language of science and the professions and the official language of many international and professional organizations. In Malaysia English is a test subject that all student have to past in order to obtain their SPM (Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia) which is a one of the major test in Malaysia for a student to proceed with their next level study. In Malaysia , English was inherited from the British. English was among the most language to be spoken around and native. English wasRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of Web 2.01647 Words   |  7 Pageschapter was added in the marketing books area as the web 2.0 introduced a new concept of virtual consumer where the power balance was shifted into the hands of modern day customer Organizations were applying a new approach according to which they have to focus on customers need and what an individual customer wants .With the help of this powerful tool WEB 2.0 organization could pay attention over the perception of cutomer regarding the service or product the organization was providing The main powerRead MoreThe Modern Evolution of the Hospitality Industry955 Words   |  4 PagesHotels use a wide range of data analytics to set rate, staffing levels, connect with their customers, and bring that unique attention required to obtain repeat customers. 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Artificial Selection Breeding for Desirable Traits

Artificial selection is the process of breeding animals for their desirable traits by an outside source other than the organism itself or natural selection. Unlike  natural  selection, artificial selection is not random and is controlled by the desires of humans. Animals, both domesticated and wild animals that are now in captivity, are often subjected to artificial selection by humans to achieve the ideal pet in terms of looks and demeanor or a combination of both. Artificial Selection Renowned scientist  Charles Darwin  is credited with coining the term artificial selection in his book On the Origin of Species, which he wrote upon returning from the Galapagos Islands and experimenting with crossbreeding birds. The process of artificial selection had actually been used for centuries to create livestock and animals bred for war, agriculture, and beauty. Unlike animals, humans dont often experience artificial selection as a general population, though arranged marriages could also be argued as an example of such. However, parents who arrange marriages generally choose a mate for their offspring based on financial security rather than genetic traits. Origin of the Species Darwin made use of artificial selection to help gather evidence to explain his theory of  evolution  when he returned to England from his journey to the Galapagos Islands on the  HMS Beagle.  After studying the  finches  on the islands, Darwin turned to breeding birds— specifically pigeons—at home to try and prove his ideas. Darwin was able to show that he could choose which traits were desirable in pigeons and increase the chances for those to be passed on to their offspring by breeding two pigeons with the trait; since Darwin performed his work before  Gregor Mendel  published his findings and founded the field of genetics, this was a key piece to the evolutionary theory puzzle. Darwin hypothesized that artificial selection and  natural selection  functioned the same way, wherein traits that were desirable gave the individuals an advantage: Those who could survive would live long enough to pass the desirable traits on to their offspring. Modern and Ancient Examples Perhaps the best-known use of artificial selection is dog breeding—from wild wolves to  dog show  winners of the American Kennel Club, which recognizes over 700 different breeds of dogs. Most of the breeds the AKC recognizes are the result of an artificial selection method known as crossbreeding wherein a male dog from one breed mates with a female dog of another breed to create a hybrid. One such example of a newer breed is the labradoodle, a combination of a Labrador retriever and a poodle. Dogs, as a species, also offer an example of artificial selection in action. Ancient humans were mostly nomads who roamed from place to place, but they found that if they shared their food scraps with wild wolves, the wolves would protect them from other hungry animals. The wolves with the most domestication were bred and, over several generations, humans domesticated the wolves and kept breeding those that showed the most promise for hunting, protection, and affection. The domesticated wolves had undergone artificial selection and became a new species that humans called dogs.

Environmental Pollution Essays - 604 Words

Environmental Pollution Our environment is affected by our daily actions. The earth is plagued with land, air and water pollution. Some of the problems we face on earth are: deforestation, nuclear waste, acid rain, global warming, overpopulation and some animals are endangered. Air pollution has many different sources. Power-generated plants, oil refineries, chemical plants, and steel mills contribute to about 140 million tons of pollutants into the air every year. Automobiles account for at least 80 percent, of air pollution; the heaviest polluter. Another type of air pollution is acid rain. Acid rain is formed when sulfur and nitrogen are distributed from factories, automobiles and power plants. The sulfur and†¦show more content†¦Solid waste such as tires, diapers and plastics are buried in landfills each year. It takes generations for them to decompose. Today, there are laws that penalize manufacturing plants that dispose hazardous wastes. These plants dump these hazardous materials in nearby woods or dump them into streams (this practice was common fifty years ago). We need rain forests for survival. Rain forests pump fresh oxygen into the atmosphere, protect soil from erosion and absorb carbon dioxide. Rain forests cover 4.5 billion acres and accounts for 7 percent of the earths land. The Amazon in Brazil is the largest rain forest (2 million acres). The fate of todays rain forest is in trouble. A process called deforestation is the leading problem. Deforestation is the process of cutting down forests to use the land for farming and grazing cattle. Farmers slash and burn forest turning them into desert land. Brazil promised to implement laws that were tougher to protect the Amazon. These laws cut deforestation in half. By 1994, the burning started again and in 1996 the burning was at its worst. The ozone layer blocks harmful ultraviolet rays, that comes from the sun. Chemicals released from the earth are depleting the ozone layer. Skin cancer i s on the rise as a result of the depletion of the ozone layer. Scientist states that every 1 percent of depletion of the ozone layer, the rate of skin cancer will rise 5Show MoreRelatedEnvironmental Pollution and Degradation3803 Words   |  16 PagesEnvironmental degradation DEFINITION: Environmental degradation may be defined as the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife. Environmental degradation has occurred due to the recent activities in the field of socio-economic, institutional and technologies. Environmental changes are dependent on many factors including economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensificationRead MorePollution As An Environmental Problem1426 Words   |  6 PagesPOLLUTION AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM Introduction The environment is always facing sudden changes due to natural forces like the eruption of volcanic and earthquakes. However human activities have in the recent times being blamed as the major contributor to the majority of the environmental problems that there are today. Among the numerous environmental issues is pollution. Human activities have been solely responsible for soil, water, and air pollution that has made the entire environment pollutedRead MoreNoise Pollution : An Underrated Environmental Pollution Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesYuemeng Ma ENVS*1030 Oct 7, 2016 Noise Pollution: An Underrated Environmental Pollution In April of 2011, WHO and the European Union Cooperative Research Center published a comprehensive report on the impact of noise on human health, Burden of disease from environmental noise. This is the most comprehensive study of noise pollution in recent years. Noise pollution is not only annoying, poor sleep, but also can trigger heart disease, learning disabilities and tinnitus and other diseases, but alsoRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment871 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the biggest problems that the world faces today is environmental pollution. The increasing demand for goods and resource consumption are destroying this world. The environment is deteriorating fast along with its ability to support life for future generations. Therefore, who is responsible for the deterioration of the world? Industrialized nations who contribute tons of toxic waste per day or individuals who are not aware of their impact on the environment. According to Derri ck JensenRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Pollution On The Environment1405 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Environmental pollution is a major problem in the world, posing many health risks to both humans and the environment when exposed to the pollutants for long periods of time. Environmental pollution can simply be defined as â€Å"the presence in the environment of an agent which is potentially damaging to either the environment or human health (Briggs, 2003, 2).† There are many different types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Environmental pollution needsRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution Control Measures8416 Words   |  34 PagesChapter 6 Environmental Pollution Control Measures While modern societies face growing concern about global environmental issues, developing countries are experiencing complex, serious and fast-growing pollution problems of their own. The potent combination of industrialization, urban development and mass consumption trends is exacerbated by foreign companies operating with little regard for the impact on the local environment. Environmental pollution is more than just a health issue; it is a widerRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Its Effects On The Environment3497 Words   |  14 Pages Nowadays environmental pollution is one of the hottest topics in society. Ned Haluzan concludes,â€Å"The most appropriate definition of environmental pollution would be the introduction of different harmful pollutants into certain environment that makes this environment unhealthy to live in.†(1) In other words, the natural environment has been destroyed by human activities, and thus harmful to the phenomenon of humans and other organisms for survival and development. With continued increaseRead MoreEssay about Environmental Pollution1267 Words   |  6 Pages Environmental Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION Automobiles like these are around the world everyday, and their exhaust destroys our air everyday. Our environment is a major aspect of our life today. Many of us dont take our Earth seriously and think that as long as pollution doesnt hurt them they can go ahead and throw garbage on the ground or spill oil down the drain. Well to many people have that theory and they are killing off our Earth and also physically harming themselves from the airRead MoreHuman Inequality And Environmental Pollution1928 Words   |  8 Pageswhich had registered 18% or more each year from 2006 to 2011 (Gough, January 19, 2016). Nonetheless, such massive growth of the nation stand widely clouded by a dark sky of biting inequality and massive concerns of environmental dilapidation. Biting human inequality and Environmental pollution has been for long time and continues to be a serious problem in China. These two closely tied problems are evident mostly in education, health, economic situations, politics and the Chinese labor which is more ofRead MoreEnvironmental Pollution And Methods Of Management1279 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Pollution and Methods of Management As recent as it may seem, pollution was actually an apparent issue even for the ancient civilizations since the fire they used to cook would release particles which would pollute the surrounding atmosphere. However, this kind of pollution that occurred in the previous civilizations did not pose much of a threat to the environment because it was very minimal. As time progressed the technological advancements that were made in the 19th and 20th centuries

Is the Survival of a society dependent on Fate or Human Choice Free Essays

There is no doubt that some societies are more fragile than others. The subjective observation of a societies ability to succeed or fail can sometimes be misleading when not all possible factors leading toward a societies outcome, are considered. When an observer does not scrutinize a societies success or lack there of, chances are, the observer will endlessly grapple over whether the outcome of a society was a result of fate, or human choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Survival of a society dependent on Fate or Human Choice? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Needless to say, through resources such as, Jared Diamonds book Collapse, and his movie Guns, Germs, and Steel as well as, Jeffery Sachs’ book The End of Poverty, it is inevitable that both authors are confident in their revolutionary theories on a society’s ability to succeed or fail. There is no question that the environment is the foundation for a societies future; however, it is the human choices of how and what should be built on that foundation, which determine whether it will be stable and succeed or not. Jeffrey Sachs and Jared Diamond have contrasting ideas on the significance of the environment and how it affects societies. While Jeffery Sachs seems to underestimate its significance, Diamond gives it too much credit. Jeffery Sachs gives six reasons in his book, The End of Poverty as to why societies â€Å"takeoff† and develop, or, lag on and remain in their poorly developed state. Some of the reasons mentioned by Sachs include: social mobility, political factors and fertility rates. Sachs did include physical geography as one of the factors as well; although, wouldn’t one say that geography is at the root of all six of those revelations? At least, Diamond might agree. When faced with harsh environmental conditions solely based on where you live in globe, poses a question. Does ones survival purely depend on where they are born in the world? Sachs does address geography as an important factor in a societies success; however, he states that you can still have societal changes even if the geography does not allow for it. This is evident in chapter three of Sachs book as he discusses eight points that determine whether a society will thrive or not, and the role that humans are playing in failing societies. Some of these points include technology, trade, natural resource decline and population growth. When people die from extreme poverty, it is because they literally had nothing. They don’t need a lot to survive, but they do need a lot to start a process of economic development; and that’s where Sachs and I would differ. There’s a reason societies who are under extreme poverty, have not been able to rise and be successful; environmental barriers. The environment can easily wipe out humans basic needs, which is the first step to survival in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It is evident that environmental determinism does play an important role in a societies ability to thrive or not based on where you are on the globe? However, does is it location and the environment that comes with it purely determine whether a society will last? Easter Island is a society that virtually collapsed in isolation due to environmental damage. A perfect example of whether the success of a society depends on lack of human choices or environmental barriers. Jared captures his insight of the phenomenon in his book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed with concrete evidence. Jared mostly recognizes the geographical and environmental barriers that support the analogy that Easter was doomed from the beginning. From his reading, it seems that even if the people of Easter Island had made the most suitable and sensible human choices as far as working with the environment to obtain their basic needs, they soon would have been doomed to failure. Jared gives an example of how something so vital for survival such as water, would immediately seep into the island when their only water resource, rainfall, would come. Although I strongly believe that the environment plays a large role in a societies ability to thrive or not, Jared overlooked and underestimated the severity of human choices, (culture) and its impact on Easter Islands failure. Deforestation was unfortunately one of the main contributing factors in Easter Islands failure. Jared states that Easter Island is covered with an abundance of substantial statues due to an aggressive competition between chiefs of the island that were built to honor them. This way of culture proved to work against its society because many trees were deforested in order to transport the massive statues. The history of Easter Island helps to reconfirm my opinion that a society is destined to failure or success through mostly geographical and environmental state and a pinch of a societies ability to make wise decisions. Jared Diamond believes that there are three things that determine the outcome of a society: Guns, Germs and Steel. The main conclusion I gathered from watching this film was that societies developed in different parts of the world because of differences in environments. Jared struggles to answer a provocative question to a Papua New Guinean, â€Å"why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own? Jared sets geography as the dominant factor, emphasizing, that, it is not the biological aspect of people that determine human history but rather the environmental context, which we have no control over. Diamond discusses his opinion on whether he believes in the old presumption that the reason European civilizations were able develop and come up with advanced economies so fast, was because of their innate superiority. Jared believes we all moderately have the same intelligence in every society, and that it is not based on genes or race. He was unable to accept the possibility that New Guineans are inferior intellectually to Europeans. I agree with Jared. I believe that the reason European society became more technologically and politically advanced was the fertile environment that these people were born into to. This environment would allow them to have food production, tamed animals, and all other advantages that the New Guinea people did not have. Once basic needs are met in a society, it is easier for a society to climb up the ladder of success. It is therefore evident that the survival of a person is pure luck, based on whether you were born in an area where the environment works for you, and some human choices that are made to work with tte environment effectively. In conclusion, I wonder if developing counties in the world are doomed to failure and whether it is hopeless trying to make a sustainable society in those regions, and whether they should just be abandoned. The only advantage of having a co-operative environment is that it allows you to have all your basic needs, but will not necessarily help a society to advance further. Once the foundation of a good environment is laid out, only then can human choice help a society climb up the ladder towards success. How to cite Is the Survival of a society dependent on Fate or Human Choice?, Papers

Is the Survival of a society dependent on Fate or Human Choice Free Essays

There is no doubt that some societies are more fragile than others. The subjective observation of a societies ability to succeed or fail can sometimes be misleading when not all possible factors leading toward a societies outcome, are considered. When an observer does not scrutinize a societies success or lack there of, chances are, the observer will endlessly grapple over whether the outcome of a society was a result of fate, or human choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Is the Survival of a society dependent on Fate or Human Choice? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Needless to say, through resources such as, Jared Diamonds book Collapse, and his movie Guns, Germs, and Steel as well as, Jeffery Sachs’ book The End of Poverty, it is inevitable that both authors are confident in their revolutionary theories on a society’s ability to succeed or fail. There is no question that the environment is the foundation for a societies future; however, it is the human choices of how and what should be built on that foundation, which determine whether it will be stable and succeed or not. Jeffrey Sachs and Jared Diamond have contrasting ideas on the significance of the environment and how it affects societies. While Jeffery Sachs seems to underestimate its significance, Diamond gives it too much credit. Jeffery Sachs gives six reasons in his book, The End of Poverty as to why societies â€Å"takeoff† and develop, or, lag on and remain in their poorly developed state. Some of the reasons mentioned by Sachs include: social mobility, political factors and fertility rates. Sachs did include physical geography as one of the factors as well; although, wouldn’t one say that geography is at the root of all six of those revelations? At least, Diamond might agree. When faced with harsh environmental conditions solely based on where you live in globe, poses a question. Does ones survival purely depend on where they are born in the world? Sachs does address geography as an important factor in a societies success; however, he states that you can still have societal changes even if the geography does not allow for it. This is evident in chapter three of Sachs book as he discusses eight points that determine whether a society will thrive or not, and the role that humans are playing in failing societies. Some of these points include technology, trade, natural resource decline and population growth. When people die from extreme poverty, it is because they literally had nothing. They don’t need a lot to survive, but they do need a lot to start a process of economic development; and that’s where Sachs and I would differ. There’s a reason societies who are under extreme poverty, have not been able to rise and be successful; environmental barriers. The environment can easily wipe out humans basic needs, which is the first step to survival in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. It is evident that environmental determinism does play an important role in a societies ability to thrive or not based on where you are on the globe? However, does is it location and the environment that comes with it purely determine whether a society will last? Easter Island is a society that virtually collapsed in isolation due to environmental damage. A perfect example of whether the success of a society depends on lack of human choices or environmental barriers. Jared captures his insight of the phenomenon in his book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed with concrete evidence. Jared mostly recognizes the geographical and environmental barriers that support the analogy that Easter was doomed from the beginning. From his reading, it seems that even if the people of Easter Island had made the most suitable and sensible human choices as far as working with the environment to obtain their basic needs, they soon would have been doomed to failure. Jared gives an example of how something so vital for survival such as water, would immediately seep into the island when their only water resource, rainfall, would come. Although I strongly believe that the environment plays a large role in a societies ability to thrive or not, Jared overlooked and underestimated the severity of human choices, (culture) and its impact on Easter Islands failure. Deforestation was unfortunately one of the main contributing factors in Easter Islands failure. Jared states that Easter Island is covered with an abundance of substantial statues due to an aggressive competition between chiefs of the island that were built to honor them. This way of culture proved to work against its society because many trees were deforested in order to transport the massive statues. The history of Easter Island helps to reconfirm my opinion that a society is destined to failure or success through mostly geographical and environmental state and a pinch of a societies ability to make wise decisions. Jared Diamond believes that there are three things that determine the outcome of a society: Guns, Germs and Steel. The main conclusion I gathered from watching this film was that societies developed in different parts of the world because of differences in environments. Jared struggles to answer a provocative question to a Papua New Guinean, â€Å"why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own? Jared sets geography as the dominant factor, emphasizing, that, it is not the biological aspect of people that determine human history but rather the environmental context, which we have no control over. Diamond discusses his opinion on whether he believes in the old presumption that the reason European civilizations were able develop and come up with advanced economies so fast, was because of their innate superiority. Jared believes we all moderately have the same intelligence in every society, and that it is not based on genes or race. He was unable to accept the possibility that New Guineans are inferior intellectually to Europeans. I agree with Jared. I believe that the reason European society became more technologically and politically advanced was the fertile environment that these people were born into to. This environment would allow them to have food production, tamed animals, and all other advantages that the New Guinea people did not have. Once basic needs are met in a society, it is easier for a society to climb up the ladder of success. It is therefore evident that the survival of a person is pure luck, based on whether you were born in an area where the environment works for you, and some human choices that are made to work with tte environment effectively. In conclusion, I wonder if developing counties in the world are doomed to failure and whether it is hopeless trying to make a sustainable society in those regions, and whether they should just be abandoned. The only advantage of having a co-operative environment is that it allows you to have all your basic needs, but will not necessarily help a society to advance further. Once the foundation of a good environment is laid out, only then can human choice help a society climb up the ladder towards success. How to cite Is the Survival of a society dependent on Fate or Human Choice?, Papers

Cystic Fibrosis1 Essay Example For Students

Cystic Fibrosis1 Essay Cystic fibrosis is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that exerts its main effects on the digestive system and the lungs. This disease is the most common genetic disorder amongst Caucasians. Cystic fibrosis affects about one in 2,500 people, with one in twenty five being a heterozygote. With the use of antibiotics, the life span of a person afflicted with CF can be extended up to thirty years however, most die before the age of thirteen.1 Since so many people are affected by this disease, its no wonder that CF was the first human genetic disease to be cloned by geneticists. In this paper, I will be focusing on how the cystic fibrosis gene was discovered while at the same time, discussing the protein defect in the CF gene, the bio-chemical defect associated with CF, and possible treatments of the disease. The classical genetic approach to finding the gene that is responsible for causing a genetic disease has been to first characterize the bio-chemical defect within the gene, the n to identify the mutated protein in the gene of interest, and finally to locate the actual gene. However, this classical approach proved to be impractical when searching for the CF gene. To find the gene responsible for CF, the principle of reverse genetics was applied. Scientists accomplished this by linking the disease to a specific chromosome. After this linkage, they isolated the gene of interest on the chromosome and then tested its product.2Before the disease could be linked to a specific chromosome, a marker needed to be found that would always travel with the disease. This marker is known as a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism or RFLP for short. RFLPs are varying base sequences of DNA in different individuals which are known to travel with genetic disorders.3 The RFLP for cystic fibrosis was discovered through the techniques of Somatic Cell Hybridization and through Southern Blot Electrophoresis (gel separation of DNA). By using these techniques, three RFLPs were dis covered for CF; Doc RI, J3.11, and Met. Utilizing in situ hybridization, scientists discovered the CF gene to be located on the long arm of chromosome number seven. Soon after identifying these markers, another marker was discovered that segregated more frequently with CF than the other markers. This meant the new marker was closer to the CF gene. At this time, two scientists named Lap-Chu Tsui and Francis Collins were able to isolate probes from the CF interval. They were now able to utilize to powerful technique of chromosome jumping to speed up the time required to isolate the CF gene much faster than if they were to use conventional genetic techniques.3In order to determine the exact location of the CF gene, probes were taken from the nucleotide sequence obtained from chromosome jumping. To get these probes, DNA from a horse, a cow, a chicken, and a mouse were separated using Southern Blot electrophoresis. Four probes were found to bind to all of the vertebrates DNA. This meant that the base pairs within the probes discovered contained important information, possibly even the gene. Two of the four probes were ruled out as possibilities because they did not contain open reading frames which are segments of DNA that produce the mRNA responsible for genes. The Northern Blot electrophoresis technique was then used to distinguish between the two probes still remaining in order to find out which one actually contained the CF gene. This could be accomplished because Northern Blot electrophoresis utilizes RNA instead of DNA. The RNA of cell types affected with CF, along with the RNA of unaffected cell types were placed on a gel. Probe number two bound to the RNA of affected cell types in the pancreas, colon, and nose, but did not bind to the RNA from non-affected cell types like those of the brain and heart. Probe number one did not bind exclusively to cell types from CF affected areas like probe number two did. From this evidence, it was determined that probe number two contained the CF gene. While isolating the CF gene and screening the genetic library made from mRNA (cDNA library), it was discovered that probe number two did not hybridize. The chances for hybridization may have been decreased

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion free essay sample

Hume Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion by Davis Hume is a pretty heavy text full of many arguments each one with multiple sub arguments and countless premises. While reading I often found my self asking â€Å"what the hell does this mean† or â€Å"where does this even connect with the previous statement†. To be honest if it was not for spark notes I would be even more lost for words than I am now. However as I wade through the literary labyrinth which is Hume I discovered multiple themes that have lead me to one final thesis. Since it is impossible to determine true design through a priori argument alone, the only way to be comfortable with your faith (if you chose to have faith) is to basis it on undeterminable introspection, but one should rely more on skepticism than on faith alone. If we philosophize on God we soon realize no end can be accomplished through reason or observance of the empirical world so the only way to reach revelation is to accept our limited capacity of reason and evidence, to accomplish this we must become skeptics. We will write a custom essay sample on Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just because you are a skeptic doesn’t mean you have to be atheist, Philo argues for skepticism through the whole dialogue by questioning everything Cleanthes and Demea have to say and by making speculative analogical arguments in defiance against those that Cleanthes or Demea make. So in the Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion I believe Philo makes the best argument against natural religion. To explain the persuasiveness of his arguments against natural religion you must first understand what natural religion is; it is the process of obtaining religious belief through gathering evidence and reasoning from that evidence. Any believer would immediately say you can look around and see that God exists but anyone who really cares about deriving a truth from real evidence would disagree. It is obviously impossible to presuppose anything about a God when everything we are taught about him leads us to believe he is unquestionable, however this doesn’t stand in the way of Philo. I may be just totally confused but it seems that Cleanthes contradicts what he says in previous chapters every time a new chapter arises but then again this is just Philo subtly leading him and testing his logic so that soon gives up on the argument of design, and just except skepticism as the healthier choice. In part IV Demea supposes a God that is perfectly immutable and simple, Cleanthes thinks this means that God had no mind and influence over the universe. Ignoring Cleanthes’ need for an anthropomorphic God, Philo goes on to bring up the persisting argument pertaining to reason; what really is the point of thinking about it? On page 72 Philo mentions the Indian philosopher and his elephant, he says â€Å"If the material world rest upon a similar ideal world, this idea world must rest upon some other and so on†. Philo is restating an idea of his that is recurrent through out the dialogues, when going beyond the mundane system, you only excite an inquisitive humor, which is impossible to ever satisfy. It is as if Philo is trying to get it through the head of Cleanthes that whatever argument of analogy or original cause of an effect that you bring into the discussion, there is just no point. It is a waste of time to stutter on such trivial matters, it is as if Philo would rather being doing something else than arguing. With part V Philo shows how science has broadened our understanding of the empirical world and thus has strengthened the argument against natural religion. Starting on page 76 Philo points out that the cause can only be proportioned to the effect and since our cognizance is limited to our experience and our experience is finite then how can you ascribe anything to God that is not finite. Philo follows this up by blowing Cleanthes’ mind, on page 77 he asks how Cleanthes could produce from his hypothesis a way to prove the unity of the deity. Philo says a great number of men can work together to construct something, so why may not several deities combine in contriving and framing a world? Philo takes his idea of polytheism and runs with it as a joke and ask why these Gods couldn’t have various sexes as well. This is a pretty awesome part of the book because Demea is freaking out and Philo says that these are Cleanthes’ suppositions because he was the one who lead us onto the idea of a finite God by arguing like effects prove like causes. Cleanthes however shakes this off and tells Philo he is happy that while he imagines such horror he still sticks close to the hypothesis of design. In Part VI Philo tries to back Cleanthes into a corner and tries to force him to renounce his argument by design and admit that our experience is limited, and in no way is a foundation for inferring larger truths. He says that any analogy could be made about God, this is where generation and vegetation come into play. Philo even brings up the idea of the universe being a body and God being the soul. For this to be true the universe would have to have sensory organs like and animal does. I for would like this theory, I could totally imagine different parts of the cosmos acting as sensory organs, but at a very large and undistinguishable scale. However with this analogy we have to assume the world is eternal along with God because if God, the soul is eternal and the universe is the body, then God could not have existed before the universe or body. Because carbon dating had not been discovered in Hume’s time Cleanthes is quick to disregard this argument of analogy by saying the world is young, on the premise that the human race is just now discovering never before seen continents and are transplanting animals and plants in new places. He thinks that if the world has been eternal along side God then all of this would have been done before. If Cleanthes truly believes what he has said then he is a Deist. Once again on page 84 Philo goes back to our narrow scoop of experience and says that there is no way to disprove or prove what I like to call matter recycling, the idea that what is happening now has already happened countless times before, that of course goes along with the idea of God and the universe being eternal, which I completely disagree. Through the whole dialogue Cleanthes struggles to find some way to justify the design argument, while Philo supposes extreme analogies but Cleanthes never seems to realize that all Philo is trying to do is show him that it is impossible to predict order in the universe with our narrowness of evidence. Philo proves to me his persuasiveness by not just his continue bombardment of contradictions or analogies of his own. He has earned my respect because he has remained so chill while never losing the eagerness which propels him toward his goal of proving skepticism the victor. By Part IX it seems that Philo’s way lesson has finally gotten through. Cleanthes and Demea starting on page 98 begin to argue about the cause of a effect where an infinite God is represented by a continuous chain of cause and effects with no end or what is called a necessarily existing thing which is a being that carries the reason of its own existence within itself. To debate this arguments Cleanthes must step further back from his original argument and admit that it is impossible to prove matters of fact with a priori argument. This is where I get excited, Philo broadens the spectrum and touches on what he calls a principle of necessity. This is close to my beliefs in the since that this principle is a law of nature, something like a mathematical rule that could be proven a postori through critical deduction. By part X Demea is setting himself up for a moral let down when he causes Philo to question the morality of God. However at the end of this chapter on page 112 Philo finally reveals his true position on the matter. Philo has already proven the worthlessness of a priori augments pertaining to natural religion while discouraging Cleanthes and horrifying Demea. I admire that I can comprehend and deny the claims of Cleanthes while Philo continuously blows my mind and brings me to not just an epic conclusion but an odd agreement as well. But while Philo proposes such a priori arguments he never ceases to exercise skepticism by constructing a disagreement to the exact analogy he had just theorized. He may assemble alternative views of natural religion but he is such a free thinker that he questions them as well. This gives him the ability to subtly argue against it and is why he is the victor in David Hume’s Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. Gibbs